Rules for authors on the design of manuscripts of articles proposed for publication in the journal “Physical Education in Higher Education Institutions" (as amended in 2015)

1. The journal is intended mainly for the publication of articles on the latest achievements in the field of teaching physics in higher and specialized educational institutions with prospects for application (teaching methods, lecture and laboratory experiments, distance learning, exchange of experience, etc.). By submitting the manuscript of the article to the editorial board of the journal "Physical Education in Higher Education Institutions", the authors transfer to the editorial board, the founders and the publisher of the journal the gratuitous non-exclusive right to publish it in Russian and other languages as an article in the printed version of the journal, in the electronic version of the journal on the Internet and on laser discs, as well as to translate into English and publish the article in the English-language version of the magazine. At the same time, the authors retain their intellectual rights to the manuscript of the article (including "copyright"). In this regard, and subject to the Fourth Part (Section VII) The article must be signed by all the authors. In the case of several authors, the last name of the author responsible for correspondence with the editorial board and all his contacts are indicated.

2. The manuscript of the article is submitted to the editorial board in Russian or English, and the editorial requirements set out in paragraphs 3-16 apply specifically to this case. 

3. Each article is reviewed in accordance with the decision of the editorial board of the journal, while the review (reviews) are sent by the editorial board of the journal to the authors of the manuscript. The decision on the order of publication of the article is made by the editorial board in contact with the editorial board. The article can be sent to the authors for revision or rejected for both formal and scientific reasons. In case of final rejection of the article's manuscript, the editorial board sends the authors a reasoned refusal. 

4. Any submitted manuscript of the article must be accompanied by an expert opinion on the possibility of publication in the open press, drawn up in accordance with the established procedure. Instead of an expert opinion, a corresponding statement may be submitted to the editor-in-chief of the journal on behalf of the management of the organization where the authors work, or directly on behalf of amateur authors. An expert opinion or statement must necessarily reflect the possibility of open publication and transfer of published materials abroad. An article that is the result of work carried out in an organization (institution) on its assignment must necessarily have a referral from that organization (or a parent organization with the participation of several organizations in this work).

5. The main text of the article should begin with the "Introduction" section with a clear statement of the purpose and objectives of the work, accompanied by arguments in favor of its implementation against the background of the existing state of the problem raised in the article. The further text of the article should also have semantic rubricators (sections and subsections). The article should end with a separate section "Conclusion" listing the main results, the following conclusions and, if possible, proposals for the development of research and the use of their results.

6. The length of the article (without figures) should not exceed 12 A4 pages with one and a half line spacing. The material of the article is presented in printed form (on paper) in two copies and in an identical electronic version on a CD/DVD with text in Word 2010 format (a separate file with figures inserted into the text of the article and provided with appropriate captions). Unnecessarily detailed and cumbersome mathematical transformations and expressions should be avoided in the text. The design of the article is as follows: the article begins with the indication of the UDC; The title of the article is typed in lowercase letters (except initial uppercase) in bold, font size 14, for the rest of the text a simple font size 10 is used, and the recommended font type is Times New Roman.; after the title is a list of authors, with a full list of surnames, first names and patronymics (Ivan Petrovich Sidorov); Next, you should provide the place of work of all the authors, indicating the exact postal address of each place of work, as well as the email address of each author.; with an indentation of 1 line, the abstract of the article is presented (no more than 12 lines) size 8; The following is a list of keywords for this article (no more than ten); The pages of the text are numbered without omissions and additions of letter designations (such as 1a, 2b, etc.), and all elements of the article must be included in the end-to-end numbering, except for figures and captions under them.; after the main text, there is a list of used sources called "Literature".; at the end of the article, the title of the article, the initials and surnames of the authors, the company, its postal address, city, country, e-mail, date of receipt of the article, abstract, PACS, keywords are repeated in English (since the journal is distributed abroad, the editors reserve the right to correct the English part the text without changing its meaning); the PACS classification codes (Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme) are specified at least up to and including the third level of depth corresponding to the content of the article (details of the PACS classification on the Internet on the website of the American Institute of Physics – www.aip.org/pacs ); on the last page of the text, a separate paragraph (in bold) is placed containing contact information about the author (or authors) in the following format: surname, first name, patronymic, position, degree, title, postal address of the enterprise, phone, e-mail in Russian and English.

7. The list of sources used must be submitted in accordance with the requirements established by the Russian Science Citation Index (RISC) system based on the existing GOST R 7.0.5-2008. The reference in the text to the source used is made in square brackets, for example, [1-3], [7, 8]. References to formulas, figures, and tables are made using parentheses, for example, formula (3), equation (1), (Fig. 2), (Table 7). Examples of sources used: Book: Grodnev I. I. Optoelectronic information transmission systems. Moscow: Znanie Publ., 1991. Articles from magazines: Dmitriev A. G., Tsarenkov B. V. // PTE. 1972. No. 1. P. 208.                                Gershman B. N., Trakhtenherts V. Yu. // UFN. 1966. Vol. 89. No. 2. P. 201                                Lang D. V. // J. Appl. Phys. 1974. V. 45. No. 7. P. 3023

8. The number of drawings and photographs for a standard article should not exceed 7. If one drawing contains two, three or more variants of graphic (or photo) images such as "Fig. 2a", "Fig. 2b", etc., then each individual variant in this case is counted as a separate drawing. If the above limits on the number of drawings (photos) are exceeded the article is returned to the authors for revision. The graphics (black and white and color) are presented in two copies on separate sheets. On the reverse side of each drawing, its number, the names of the first authors of the article and the initial words of its title should be put in pencil. At the same time, it is necessary to submit an electronic version of the drawings on a CD/DVD in one of the formats *.gif, *. jpg, *.png, *.bmp as a separate file for each drawing.

9. The captions under the drawings should be presented on a separate page sequentially, i.e. separately from the drawings. Each signature should be as concise as possible, but succinct in content. Any physical (technical) symbol indicated in the signature must have its own verbal disclosure there. All signatures are repeated electronically in one common file on an accepted electronic medium.

10. In the text of the article, as well as in the figures, do not pre-mark alphabetic symbols in formulas and designations. Simple formulas can be entered into text in the format of a text editor, while more complex formulas can be entered using the Microsoft Equation 3 or MathType 6 or higher formula editor. To symbolize non—vector physical (technical) quantities, use only the Latin and Greek alphabets, while using a straight font for Greek letters and numbers in the text, an oblique font (italics) for Latin letters, and vectors in bold (preferably!!) or an arrow above the vector symbol (italics). Russian Russian letters should not be used for the lower and upper indexes of physical (technical) quantities, but only Arabic numerals, Latin or Greek letters should be used, but if the index, usually the lower one, is a short (abbreviated) form of the Russian word characteristic, then it is acceptable to use Russian letters (italics) in its designation, for example, Uxx , Iv , v , etc. The dimension of physical quantities is indicated only in Russian and in a straight font.

11. Tables should be executed in accordance with the following requirements: the top row is the name of the data and the dimension; the next rows are the data itself.

12. Formulas, tables and figures should have their own separate end-to-end numbering. If there are no additional (return) references to a particular formula in the text or it is in the singular, then its numbering is not necessary. The only table and the drawing are also not numbered.

13. Payment from authors for the publication of manuscripts is allowed, while the amount and form of payment are negotiated on a case-by-case basis.

14. Manuscripts and CDs/DVDs are not returned by the editors.

15. The authors (or the author) of each article after its publication in the next issue of the journal have the right to receive from the editors an electronic version of the article in PDF format (Adobe –Acrobat editor).

16. When published in the journal, each article (in the contact information) is accompanied by a footnote with the copyright mark © placed before the author's surname(s) and the year of publication. The article also indicates the date of receipt of the article by the editorial office.

17. By decision of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the journal is included in the List of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications in which the main scientific results of dissertations for the degrees of doctor and Candidate of Sciences should be published.

The editors of the “Phisics in Higher Education” work in accordance with the international publication ethics principles, including but not limited to privacy policy, vigilance over the scholarly publications, consideration of possible conflict of interests, etc. The editorial board follows the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics and valuable practice of world-leading journals and publishers.

Duties of authors    

Reporting standards 

Authors of reports of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. Review and professional publication articles should also be accurate and objective, and editorial 'opinion' works should be clearly identified as such. 

Data access and retention 

Authors may be asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for editorial review. They should also provide free access to such data, if possible, and should in any event be prepared to retain such data for a reasonable time after publication. 

Originality and plagiarism 

The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted. Plagiarism takes many forms, from 'passing off' another's paper as the author's own paper, to copying or paraphrasing substantial parts of another's paper (without attribution), to claiming results from research conducted by others. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. 

Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication 

Authors should indicate that his/her paper is published for the first time ever. If some parts of the manuscript have been published in the earlier article, authors should make the appropriate reference and indicate the difference of the new one from the previous one. Copying and paraphrasing of own works are unacceptable. They can be used only as the basis for new findings. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.

Acknowledgement of sources 

Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work. Information obtained privately, as in conversation, correspondence, or discussion with third parties, must not be used or reported without explicit, written permission from the source. Information obtained in the course of confidential services, such as refereeing manuscripts or grant applications, must not be used without the explicit written permission of the author of the work involved in these services. 

Authorship of the paper 

Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors. The corresponding author should ensure that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication. 

Hazards and human or animal subjects 

If the work involves chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use, the author must clearly identify these in the manuscript. If the work involves the use of animal or human subjects, the author should ensure that the manuscript contains a statement that all procedures were performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and that the appropriate institutional committee(s) has approved them. Authors should include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed. 

Disclosure and conflicts of interest 

All authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed. Examples of potential conflicts of interest which should be disclosed include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest stage possible. 

Fundamental errors in published works 

When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author's obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper. If the editor or the publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains a significant error, it is the obligation of the author to promptly retract or correct the paper or provide evidence to the editor of the correctness of the original paper. 

Duties of editors 

Publication decisions 

The article submitted should contain new nontrivial academic results, published for the first time ever. Each article should be reviewed. The process of the paper review is confidential and anonymous: the reviewer knows the author but the author does not know the reviewer. Reviewers can freely make motivated critical comments concerning the level and presentation clarity of the article reviewed, its correspondence to the magazine specialization, novelty and reliability of the results represented. Reviewers’ recommendations are basis for making final decision concerning the article publishing. The responsibility for the article publishing rests with the magazine Editorial Board. The editor of a peer-reviewed journal is responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published, often working in conjunction with the relevant society (for society-owned or sponsored journals). The validation of the work in question and its importance to researchers and readers must always drive such decisions. The editor may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editor may confer with other editors or reviewers (or society officers) in making this decision. An editor should evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors. The article, if admitted to publishing, is placed on open access; copyright reserved by authors.

Confidentiality 

The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate. Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's own research without the express written consent of the author. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage.

Disclosure and conflicts of interest 

Editors should recuse themselves (i.e. should ask a co-editor, associate editor or other member of the editorial board instead to review and consider) from considering manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or (possibly) institutions connected to the papers. Editors should require all contributors to disclose relevant competing interests and publish corrections if competing interests are revealed after publication. If needed, other appropriate action should be taken, such as the publication of a retraction or expression of concern. An editor should take reasonably responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper, in conjunction with the publisher (or society). Such measures will generally include contacting the author of the manuscript or paper and giving due consideration of the respective complaint or claims made, but may also include further communications to the relevant institutions and research bodies, and if the complaint is upheld, the publication of a correction, retraction, expression of concern, or other note, as may be relevant. Every reported act of unethical publishing behavior must be looked into, even if it is discovered years after publication.     

Duties of reviewers 

Contribution to editorial decisions 

Peer review assists the editor in making editorial decisions and through the editorial communications with the author may also assist the author in improving the paper. Peer review is an essential component of formal scholarly communication, and lies at the heart of the scientific method. 

Promptness 

Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process. 

Confidentiality 

Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor. 

Standards of objectivity 

Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments. 

Acknowledgement of sources 

Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A reviewer should also call to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge. 

Disclosure and conflict of interest 

Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in a reviewer's own research without the express written consent of the author. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

It is a scientific and methodological journal focused on current issues in physics teaching at the higher education level. The journal aims to advance physics education by promoting innovative teaching approaches, sharing best practices, and publishing cutting-edge research in physics pedagogy.

Key focus areas:

• Innovative methods of teaching physics in universities.

• Modern educational technologies, including digital and distance learning.

• Challenges in fundamental and applied physics within curricula.

• Training and professional development of physics educators.

• Integration of science and education: collaboration between universities and research institutions.

The journal serves as a valuable resource for physics teachers, methodologists, researchers, graduate students, and anyone interested in improving physics education in higher institutions.

Rules for authors on the design of manuscripts of articles proposed for publication in the journal “Physical Education in Higher Education Institutions" (as amended in 2015)

1. The journal is intended mainly for the publication of articles on the latest achievements in the field of teaching physics in higher and specialized educational institutions with prospects for application (teaching methods, lecture and laboratory experiments, distance learning, exchange of experience, etc.). By submitting the manuscript of the article to the editorial board of the journal "Physical Education in Higher Education Institutions", the authors transfer to the editorial board, the founders and the publisher of the journal the gratuitous non-exclusive right to publish it in Russian and other languages as an article in the printed version of the journal, in the electronic version of the journal on the Internet and on laser discs, as well as to translate into English and publish the article in the English-language version of the magazine. At the same time, the authors retain their intellectual rights to the manuscript of the article (including "copyright"). In this regard, and subject to the Fourth Part (Section VII) The article must be signed by all the authors. In the case of several authors, the last name of the author responsible for correspondence with the editorial board and all his contacts are indicated.

2. The manuscript of the article is submitted to the editorial board in Russian or English, and the editorial requirements set out in paragraphs 3-16 apply specifically to this case. 

3. Each article is reviewed in accordance with the decision of the editorial board of the journal, while the review (reviews) are sent by the editorial board of the journal to the authors of the manuscript. The decision on the order of publication of the article is made by the editorial board in contact with the editorial board. The article can be sent to the authors for revision or rejected for both formal and scientific reasons. In case of final rejection of the article's manuscript, the editorial board sends the authors a reasoned refusal. 

4. Any submitted manuscript of the article must be accompanied by an expert opinion on the possibility of publication in the open press, drawn up in accordance with the established procedure. Instead of an expert opinion, a corresponding statement may be submitted to the editor-in-chief of the journal on behalf of the management of the organization where the authors work, or directly on behalf of amateur authors. An expert opinion or statement must necessarily reflect the possibility of open publication and transfer of published materials abroad. An article that is the result of work carried out in an organization (institution) on its assignment must necessarily have a referral from that organization (or a parent organization with the participation of several organizations in this work).

5. The main text of the article should begin with the "Introduction" section with a clear statement of the purpose and objectives of the work, accompanied by arguments in favor of its implementation against the background of the existing state of the problem raised in the article. The further text of the article should also have semantic rubricators (sections and subsections). The article should end with a separate section "Conclusion" listing the main results, the following conclusions and, if possible, proposals for the development of research and the use of their results.

6. The length of the article (without figures) should not exceed 12 A4 pages with one and a half line spacing. The material of the article is presented in printed form (on paper) in two copies and in an identical electronic version on a CD/DVD with text in Word 2010 format (a separate file with figures inserted into the text of the article and provided with appropriate captions). Unnecessarily detailed and cumbersome mathematical transformations and expressions should be avoided in the text. The design of the article is as follows: the article begins with the indication of the UDC; The title of the article is typed in lowercase letters (except initial uppercase) in bold, font size 14, for the rest of the text a simple font size 10 is used, and the recommended font type is Times New Roman.; after the title is a list of authors, with a full list of surnames, first names and patronymics (Ivan Petrovich Sidorov); Next, you should provide the place of work of all the authors, indicating the exact postal address of each place of work, as well as the email address of each author.; with an indentation of 1 line, the abstract of the article is presented (no more than 12 lines) size 8; The following is a list of keywords for this article (no more than ten); The pages of the text are numbered without omissions and additions of letter designations (such as 1a, 2b, etc.), and all elements of the article must be included in the end-to-end numbering, except for figures and captions under them.; after the main text, there is a list of used sources called "Literature".; at the end of the article, the title of the article, the initials and surnames of the authors, the company, its postal address, city, country, e-mail, date of receipt of the article, abstract, PACS, keywords are repeated in English (since the journal is distributed abroad, the editors reserve the right to correct the English part the text without changing its meaning); the PACS classification codes (Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme) are specified at least up to and including the third level of depth corresponding to the content of the article (details of the PACS classification on the Internet on the website of the American Institute of Physics – www.aip.org/pacs ); on the last page of the text, a separate paragraph (in bold) is placed containing contact information about the author (or authors) in the following format: surname, first name, patronymic, position, degree, title, postal address of the enterprise, phone, e-mail in Russian and English.

7. The list of sources used must be submitted in accordance with the requirements established by the Russian Science Citation Index (RISC) system based on the existing GOST R 7.0.5-2008. The reference in the text to the source used is made in square brackets, for example, [1-3], [7, 8]. References to formulas, figures, and tables are made using parentheses, for example, formula (3), equation (1), (Fig. 2), (Table 7). Examples of sources used: Book: Grodnev I. I. Optoelectronic information transmission systems. Moscow: Znanie Publ., 1991. Articles from magazines: Dmitriev A. G., Tsarenkov B. V. // PTE. 1972. No. 1. P. 208.                                Gershman B. N., Trakhtenherts V. Yu. // UFN. 1966. Vol. 89. No. 2. P. 201                                Lang D. V. // J. Appl. Phys. 1974. V. 45. No. 7. P. 3023

8. The number of drawings and photographs for a standard article should not exceed 7. If one drawing contains two, three or more variants of graphic (or photo) images such as "Fig. 2a", "Fig. 2b", etc., then each individual variant in this case is counted as a separate drawing. If the above limits on the number of drawings (photos) are exceeded the article is returned to the authors for revision. The graphics (black and white and color) are presented in two copies on separate sheets. On the reverse side of each drawing, its number, the names of the first authors of the article and the initial words of its title should be put in pencil. At the same time, it is necessary to submit an electronic version of the drawings on a CD/DVD in one of the formats *.gif, *. jpg, *.png, *.bmp as a separate file for each drawing.

9. The captions under the drawings should be presented on a separate page sequentially, i.e. separately from the drawings. Each signature should be as concise as possible, but succinct in content. Any physical (technical) symbol indicated in the signature must have its own verbal disclosure there. All signatures are repeated electronically in one common file on an accepted electronic medium.

10. In the text of the article, as well as in the figures, do not pre-mark alphabetic symbols in formulas and designations. Simple formulas can be entered into text in the format of a text editor, while more complex formulas can be entered using the Microsoft Equation 3 or MathType 6 or higher formula editor. To symbolize non—vector physical (technical) quantities, use only the Latin and Greek alphabets, while using a straight font for Greek letters and numbers in the text, an oblique font (italics) for Latin letters, and vectors in bold (preferably!!) or an arrow above the vector symbol (italics). Russian Russian letters should not be used for the lower and upper indexes of physical (technical) quantities, but only Arabic numerals, Latin or Greek letters should be used, but if the index, usually the lower one, is a short (abbreviated) form of the Russian word characteristic, then it is acceptable to use Russian letters (italics) in its designation, for example, Uxx , Iv , v , etc. The dimension of physical quantities is indicated only in Russian and in a straight font.

11. Tables should be executed in accordance with the following requirements: the top row is the name of the data and the dimension; the next rows are the data itself.

12. Formulas, tables and figures should have their own separate end-to-end numbering. If there are no additional (return) references to a particular formula in the text or it is in the singular, then its numbering is not necessary. The only table and the drawing are also not numbered.

13. Payment from authors for the publication of manuscripts is allowed, while the amount and form of payment are negotiated on a case-by-case basis.

14. Manuscripts and CDs/DVDs are not returned by the editors.

15. The authors (or the author) of each article after its publication in the next issue of the journal have the right to receive from the editors an electronic version of the article in PDF format (Adobe –Acrobat editor).

16. When published in the journal, each article (in the contact information) is accompanied by a footnote with the copyright mark © placed before the author's surname(s) and the year of publication. The article also indicates the date of receipt of the article by the editorial office.

17. By decision of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the journal is included in the List of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications in which the main scientific results of dissertations for the degrees of doctor and Candidate of Sciences should be published.

The editors of the “Phisics in Higher Education” work in accordance with the international publication ethics principles, including but not limited to privacy policy, vigilance over the scholarly publications, consideration of possible conflict of interests, etc. The editorial board follows the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics and valuable practice of world-leading journals and publishers.

Duties of authors    

Reporting standards 

Authors of reports of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable. Review and professional publication articles should also be accurate and objective, and editorial 'opinion' works should be clearly identified as such. 

Data access and retention 

Authors may be asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for editorial review. They should also provide free access to such data, if possible, and should in any event be prepared to retain such data for a reasonable time after publication. 

Originality and plagiarism 

The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted. Plagiarism takes many forms, from 'passing off' another's paper as the author's own paper, to copying or paraphrasing substantial parts of another's paper (without attribution), to claiming results from research conducted by others. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. 

Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication 

Authors should indicate that his/her paper is published for the first time ever. If some parts of the manuscript have been published in the earlier article, authors should make the appropriate reference and indicate the difference of the new one from the previous one. Copying and paraphrasing of own works are unacceptable. They can be used only as the basis for new findings. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.

Acknowledgement of sources 

Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work. Information obtained privately, as in conversation, correspondence, or discussion with third parties, must not be used or reported without explicit, written permission from the source. Information obtained in the course of confidential services, such as refereeing manuscripts or grant applications, must not be used without the explicit written permission of the author of the work involved in these services. 

Authorship of the paper 

Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors. The corresponding author should ensure that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication. 

Hazards and human or animal subjects 

If the work involves chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use, the author must clearly identify these in the manuscript. If the work involves the use of animal or human subjects, the author should ensure that the manuscript contains a statement that all procedures were performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and that the appropriate institutional committee(s) has approved them. Authors should include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed. 

Disclosure and conflicts of interest 

All authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed. Examples of potential conflicts of interest which should be disclosed include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest stage possible. 

Fundamental errors in published works 

When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author's obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper. If the editor or the publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains a significant error, it is the obligation of the author to promptly retract or correct the paper or provide evidence to the editor of the correctness of the original paper. 

Duties of editors 

Publication decisions 

The article submitted should contain new nontrivial academic results, published for the first time ever. Each article should be reviewed. The process of the paper review is confidential and anonymous: the reviewer knows the author but the author does not know the reviewer. Reviewers can freely make motivated critical comments concerning the level and presentation clarity of the article reviewed, its correspondence to the magazine specialization, novelty and reliability of the results represented. Reviewers’ recommendations are basis for making final decision concerning the article publishing. The responsibility for the article publishing rests with the magazine Editorial Board. The editor of a peer-reviewed journal is responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published, often working in conjunction with the relevant society (for society-owned or sponsored journals). The validation of the work in question and its importance to researchers and readers must always drive such decisions. The editor may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editor may confer with other editors or reviewers (or society officers) in making this decision. An editor should evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors. The article, if admitted to publishing, is placed on open access; copyright reserved by authors.

Confidentiality 

The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate. Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's own research without the express written consent of the author. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage.

Disclosure and conflicts of interest 

Editors should recuse themselves (i.e. should ask a co-editor, associate editor or other member of the editorial board instead to review and consider) from considering manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or (possibly) institutions connected to the papers. Editors should require all contributors to disclose relevant competing interests and publish corrections if competing interests are revealed after publication. If needed, other appropriate action should be taken, such as the publication of a retraction or expression of concern. An editor should take reasonably responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper, in conjunction with the publisher (or society). Such measures will generally include contacting the author of the manuscript or paper and giving due consideration of the respective complaint or claims made, but may also include further communications to the relevant institutions and research bodies, and if the complaint is upheld, the publication of a correction, retraction, expression of concern, or other note, as may be relevant. Every reported act of unethical publishing behavior must be looked into, even if it is discovered years after publication.     

Duties of reviewers 

Contribution to editorial decisions 

Peer review assists the editor in making editorial decisions and through the editorial communications with the author may also assist the author in improving the paper. Peer review is an essential component of formal scholarly communication, and lies at the heart of the scientific method. 

Promptness 

Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process. 

Confidentiality 

Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor. 

Standards of objectivity 

Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments. 

Acknowledgement of sources 

Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A reviewer should also call to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge. 

Disclosure and conflict of interest 

Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in a reviewer's own research without the express written consent of the author. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.