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V. 4, N 4, 1998 Contents
Abstracts
About teaching physics in general educational establishments of Russia
The results of researches, testing and realization of control works in various regions of Russian Federation are given, that has allowed the author to generate some recommendations for perfection of a technique of teaching of natural sciences at schools of the country.
Experience to organize the professional skill improvement for physics teachers in the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State university
It is already the seventh year, as the Centre of retraining of scientific-pedagogical staff at the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University leads the systematic work on improvement of professional skill of physics teachers. For this work is organized Lectorium, where teachers are invited three times in a year to lecture sessions - during autumn, winter and spring school vacations. Leading professors and scientists of MSU act before the physics teachers with survey lectures dedicated to problems of teaching physics and advanced achievements of science. The saved experience of work on improvement of professional skill of physics teachers confirms existence of actual problems connected with maintenance of education process in secondary school.
Principles of construction of a school physical practical work in an educational complex school - high school
Clause is devoted to the description and analysis of work of a laboratory physical practical work of Power-physical Lyceum of Moscow Power-Engineering Institute ? 1502. The Lyceum is a component of an educational complex "school - high school" at Moscow Power-Engineering Institute. The list of the labware of a physical study is resulted. The technique of realization of half-frontal laboratory employment is analyzed. The above-stated natural tendency should be supported with technical opportunities of material equipment of physical laboratories of all levels.
Continuity in physics training to the pupils of preparation faculty - future students
This article is about the experience of realization of a principle of continuity in training physics to future students in the preparation faculty and the department of physics of Voronezh State Technology Academy and the experience of overcoming the difficulties of a transitive period from school to high school.
The experience of the experimental-theoretical lessons and a problem of the quality of the fundamental education
The technique of intensive experimental study of physics is tested by a method of "learning by doing". The organizational form of training - the complex lesson, which combine the study of the theory and the laboratory works. For its realization the educational laboratory should provide frontal laboratory works, fast and qualitative statement of any experiment, independent assembly of installation by the student. The physical training equipment adequate these requirements are developed by STC VLADIS and are used in 80 institutes and universities of Russia. The basis of this equipment is a modular laboratory complexes - desktop microlaboratories. The lessons on optics were constructed as methodical modules "experiment - theory - practice". The best understanding of an investigated material, increase of intensity of training and interest to a subject is marked.
Laplace integral of motion in the course of general physics for students of astronomical department K.V Bychkov,1 V.D Krivchenkov2, I.M Saraeva1 1 Shternberg State Institute of Astronomy. The derivation of the Laplace vector is presented for the Kepler problem using the vector-algebra operations. The role of this vector in the representation of the course of general astronomy is discussed.
The exhibition of the physical equipment in Novorossiysk
In article the exhibition of the educational equipment intended for equipment of physical audiences, laboratories and school studies of physics is described, the participants and exhibits are listed.
The experience of involving of students to composing a manual for laboratory exercises on optics
E-mail: kolesnikov@mail.ifmo.ru This paper is dedicated to an experience of creating of methodical support for laboratory works on optics with the taking part of students of 3th and 4th years. This manual contained the description of more then ten laboratory exercises with standard structure: a theoretical part, a setup description and a guide for each laboratory work. With accordance to occurrence of a specialty "Professional training" with specialization "Computer technologies" there was a necessity for granting to the students of an opportunity to get all-around pedagogical experience, that has become the purpose of the described project.
Data acquiring of systems in lesson. Problem of using.
It's time to begin use a data acquiring systems in lessons. Does the effects from those system correspond to our work or not? Here, we describe some system and discuss problems of using. Also, we produce basical principles that addressed to data acquiring system manufacture companies.
Modern physical training laboratory for electromagnetism and oscillations processes I.F. Jeberlyaev1,V.G. Pokasanijev1,Yu.K. Kabasov2
Described physical training laboratory for electromagnetism for students of colleges and high educational institutes
Modern school physical experiment
The description 17 reports submitted in section "Educational physical study at school" on V conference "Modern physical practical work", devoted to school demonstration, laboratory experiment, physical practical work is given.
Laboratory practical work on optics as a means of realization of intersubject links of physics and astronomy
The extended optical laboratory work as one of the possible realizations of the connection the physics to the astronomy as the studies subjects is considered in this article.
Laboratory work on research of waves interference with any orientation of their lines of polarization
In courses of wave optics of high schools the question about the interference of two coherent waves with any orientation of their electrical vectors is not considered, though this phenomenon represents doubtless interest, as allows to expand representation of the students about the interference laws. The appropriate laboratory work in a centimetric range of electromagnetic waves (??= 3.2 cm) is developed by the authors.
St.-Petersburg educational Network in physics and the system of distance testing of knowledge in Internet
During certain years, the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Fine Mechanics and Optics (Technical University) has developed the computer system of checking the knowledge level of applicants and students in physics. At the Department of Computational Physics of the St.-Petersburg State University a group of collaborators has achieved promising results in the field of computer-driven installations for distance learning. Joint efforts of the educational staff of the Universities, supported by the State Russian Enterprise for Educational Equipment (ROSUCHPRIBOR) gave rise to the decision to create the segment of the educational network in physics uniting all developers of Internet-based open products in physics. The experience on distance testing of knowledge in physics as the first common development of educational material in Internet is discussed. Construction of the mathematical models of physical processes and phenomena on the basis of the analysis of dimensions
The using of possible structurization by a method analysis of the physical sizes dimensions at the mathematical modeling of real physical processes and phenomena is offered. It is capable to find proper application in educational process and engineering practice.
A new approach to designing the educational laboratory plants for physics practice
Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University The conceptual basis is proposed, for designing the educational laboratory plants for physics teaching. Two training installations are described, those are the training simulators (TS) "The X-ray spectrometer" and TS "The experiment of Franck and Hertz".
"Reciprocal" tasks in the course of physics
"Reciprocal" tasks in the course of physics are considered as one of the effective tools to develop abilities of learners. The most important peculiarities of such tasks are discussed in comparison with so-called usual ones. Four "reciprocal" tasks are considered in detail as the concrete examples - on "Mechanics", "Molecular physics", "Electromagnetism", "Optics".
New system units of electric and magnetic quantities for teaching of electromagnetic theory
In new units system, which is further called as Theoretical system of electromagnetic units (abbreviation ST), meter, kilogram and second are used as three basic units - units of length, mass and time. The fourth basic unit - unit of electric charge ST(Q) - is defined from Column law of interaction of two point charges as quantity of electric charge of two bodies of negligibly small size and 1 meter apart in vacuum, interacting with force of 1 Newton.
Commentary with reference to G. M. Trunov ,s paper "New system units of electric and magnetic quantities for teaching of electromagnetic theory"
The system of measurement units is suggested. The meter (m), the kilogram (kg), the measurement unit of velocity Roemer (1R = 3*108 m/s) and the Ampere (A) are taken as basis units of measurement in this system. The system seemed to be natural by study of the classical electrodynamics.
Methodological mistake with interpretation of photon weightless in some course of physics
It is the next attempt to show that the electromagnetic field has not
the mass. It is pointed out that the comparison of the classical and the quantum
quantities without the limiting transition
The concept of physics laboratory for the variative educational system
The educational institutions differ by the specialization, the level of preparation of the students, the quantity of the pupils, the levels of training and by the financial opportunities. The physical training laboratory should take into account these distinctions. To these requirements is adequate the physical training laboratory created by STC VLADIS. The basic principle of creation of laboratory - granting to the user of ample opportunities of a choice of means of training. The modular structure of the laboratory allows rapidly creating the devices of different themes and different level of integration. It may be the elementary installation for one experiment or it may be the complex for 20-60 experiences according to the chapter of physics. In the complexes of high integration the cost of realization of experiment is minimal. In the simple devices the cost of a workplace is minimal. By the order the workplaces with any set of experiments may be formed.
Integrated training laboratory on the molecular physics, thermodynamics, heat engineering and properties of substance V.V. Svetozarov, Yu.V. Svetozarov, V.V. Zaytsev Scientific and technical centre "VLADIS" 115409, Moscow, Kashirskoe highway, 31, MEPhI, VLADIS Phone/fax (095) 323-9460, (095) 325-0116 The laboratory complexes of a series LKT form a variative training laboratory for the statement of laboratory works in high schools and schools. For a course of physics the practical work provides employment under the classical program (molecular physics and thermodynamics are studied after the mechanics) and under the new programs (molecular physics and thermodynamics are studied as a part of a "Structure of substance" course at the end of a course of physics). The development of communications to the other disciplines allows expanding a practical work on special disciplines, such, as a heat engineering and technical thermodynamics. It provides a continuity of training in high school, and also economy of means and areas. Depending on a complete set, the experimental installations can realize on a workplace from one experiment up to tens experiments at the whole rate.
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