Physics in Higher Education V. 21, ¹ 4, 2015

The contents

5 Unexpected Consequences of the Assumption about Negligibly Small Magnetic Flux
I.R. Mubarakshin
12 Interactive Electronic Resource: «Introduction in the Theory of Atomic Collisions»
A.A. Bobrikova, A.K. Belyaev, A.A. Gorodetskii, A.V. Dadonova, E. Dalimier, A.Z. Devdariani, N.A. Timofeev
18 Radio Waves and Photons
A.D. Komarov
29 Crystal Optics in General Physics Practicum at Universities
T.M. Glushkova
39 The Technology of the Physical Experiment: Luminescence Spectra and Quantum Yield
M.A. Goryaev, I.O. Popova, A.P. Smirnov
47 Computer Scintillation Gamma Spectrometry in a Laboratory Workshop on the General Physics
S.N. Zhabin, S.I. Kudashev, V.V. Uskov, Y.M. Tsipenyuk, Y.V. Yuryev
60 Laboratory Setup for Measuring of Surface Tension of Liquids by the Maximum Bubble Pressure Method with Low Energy Consumption Heating System and Without Thermostat
G.N. Freyberg
68 Modern X-ray Sources. I. X-ray Tubes
E.V. Smirnov
83 Demonstration of Electric Eddy Field by Gas Discharge
I.N. Fetisov
92 Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education and Natural-Science Education of Students of Pedagogical Universities
M.Yu. Korolev, L.V. Koroleva
105 Preparing Graduate Students for Professional Careers in the Learning Process in Laboratory Course
E.B. Petrova, L.V. Koroleva
114 Quality Analysis of First-Year Students-Pilots Knowledge on Physics
N.Yu. Gromova, V.P. Glukhov
120 Formation of the Bachelors’ Evolutionary Worldview: from Elementary to High School
E.E. Odintsova, N.I. Odintsova
135 The Horizontal Pendulum
V.V. Blagoveshchenskii, I.A. Vodomesov
142 Study of Le Chatelier – Brown Principle in Mechanics Section of General Physics at Bauman MSTU
K.V. Glagolev, A.N. Morozov,  M.L. Pozd‘ishev

 

PHYSICS
IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Founders of the Journal:
Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation Moscow Physical Society
International Association of Developers and Manufactures of Educational Technology
The four-monthly journal ISSN 1609-3143

The journal is registered at the State Committee of the Russian Federation on the Press. Certificate of registration of the mass media no. 019360 dated November 2, 1999.

Journal Council
Oleg N. Krokhin – Prof., Dr. Sci., Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), (Editor-in-Chief)
Anatoliy D. Gladun — Prof., Dr. Sci., Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), (Deputy Editor-in-Chief)
Nikolay P. Kalashnikov – Prof., Dr. Sci., National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), (Deputy Editor-in-Chief)
Yuriy G. Rudoy — Prof., Dr. Sci., Russian People’s Friendship University
Mikhail B. Shapochkin – Prof., Dr. Sci., Chairman of the Board of Moscow Physical Society, (Deputy Editor-in-Chief)
Yuriy L. Kolesnikov — Prof., Dr. Sci., St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics - Optics
Nikolay N. Kudryavtsev — Prof., Dr. Sci., Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences
Mikhail N. Strikhanov — Prof., Dr. Sci., National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Nikolay N. Sysoev— Prof., Dr. Sci., Lomonosov Moscow State University
Dmitry R. Khokhlov — Prof., Dr. Sci., Lomonosov Moscow State University, Corresponding
Member of Russian Academy of Sciences


Editorial Board

Olga N. Golubeva — Prof., Dr. Sci., Russian People’s Friendship University
Yuriy A. Gorohovatskiy — Prof., Dr. Sci., Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg
Irina N. Zavestovskaya — Prof., Dr. Sci., P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) Vladimir S. Lebedev— Prof., Dr.  Sci., P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University)
Andrey N. Morozov — Prof., Dr. Sci., National Research Bauman Technical University
Yuriy S. Pesotskiy — Prof., Dr. Sci., Association «MARPUT»
Natalia S. Purysheva – Prof., Dr. Sci., Moscow Pedagogical State University Alexander M. Saleckiy – Prof., Dr. Sci., Lomonosov Moscow State University Gennadiy G. Spirin — Prof., Dr. Sci., Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) Galina P. Stefanova —Prof., Dr. Sci., Astrakhan State University

Executive Secretary
Nikolay V. Kalachev — Prof., Dr. Sci., Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)

Technical Edition
Pavel D. Berezin — technical editing, Publishing Service P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS
Tatyana Val. Alekseeva— engineer Publishing Service P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS
Tatyana Vik. Alekseeva — editor  Publishing  Service P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS

Phone: +7 (499) 132-66-51
E-mail: kalachev@sci.lebedev.ru
Internet: pinhe.lebedev.ru

 

Abstracts
Unexpected Consequences of the Assumption about Negligibly Small Magnetic Flux
Iskander R. Mubarakshin
FGBOU VPO «Mari State University» (MarSU), Department of physics and methods of teaching physics; Lenin sq., 1, Ioshkar3Ola, 424001, Russian Federation; e3mail: mubair@mail.ru
Received September 8, 2015                                                                               PACS: 01.55.+b

In tasks on electromagnetic induction the simplifying assumptions (idealization elements), for example, about a smallness of a magnetic field in the area of measuring devices arrangement are often used. As the varying magnetic field is connected with curl electric one, application of the simplifying assumptions can be ambiguous and inconsistent, as it is discussed in this paper on the example of a number of known tasks.
Keywords: electromagnetic induction, magnetic flux, curl electric field.

References [in Russian]:

  1. Tamm I.E. Principles of theory of electricity. – M.: Nauka, Glav. Red. PML, 1976. – 616 p. – Ch. VI, § 86.
  2. Collection of problems in elementary physics. Manual for self-study./ Buhovtsev B.B., Krivchenkov V.D., Myakishev G. Ia., Saraeva I.M. – 5th ed., revised. – M.: Nauka, Glav. Red. PML, 1987. – 416 p. – P. 111-112, (problems 592, 593, 594), p. 334-335 (solutions).
  3. Zilberman G.E. Electricity and Magnetism. – M.: Nauka, Glav. Red. PML, 1970. – 384 p. – Ch. IX, § 97.
  4. Gelfgat I.M., Gendenstein L.E., Kirik L.A. 1001 problems in physics with answers, guidance, solutions. 5th ed. – M.: “Ilexa”, 2004. – 350 p. – P. 102+104, (problems 16.22, 16.30, 16.32, 16.34), p. 291, 293-295 (solutions).
  5. Gelfgat I.M., Gendenstein L.E., Kirik L.A. The solution of key problems in physics for profile schools. 10-11classes. – M.: “Ilexa”, 2013. – 288 p. – P. 233, problem 32.9, p. 238-240, problems O.134, O.135.

6. Potential. Magazine for high school students. September 2005. ¹ 9. – P. 57-58.

Interactive Electronic Resource: «Introduction in the Theory of Atomic Collisions»
A.A. Bobrikova1, A.K. Belyaev2, A.A. Gorodetskii2, A.V. Dadonova2,
E. Dalimier3, A.Z. Devdariani1,2, N.A. Timofeev1
1 Saint/Petersburg University, Department of optics, 198904 Russia, St. Petersburg, Peterhof, Ulyanovskayast., 3
2 Herzen University, Department of theoretical physics and astronomy 191186, Russia, St. Petersburg, Moika 48
3 Universit  Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Laboratoire pour l?Utilisation des Lasers Intenses LULI, 94200, France, Paris, Site Ivry, Le Rapha¸l, 3;
E-mail: annabobrik@bk.ru ; belyaev@herzen.spb.ru ; gorodon@gmail.com ; alladadonova@mail.ru ; elisabeth.dalimier@upmc.fr ; snbrn2@yandex.ru ; niktimof@yandex.ru

Received July, 02, 2015                                                                         PACS 01.40.-Education

The advent of computerization was the beginning of a revolutionary transformation of traditional methods and approaches in education. Important role at this stage was played by information and communication technologies. The first step in introducing ICT into the education system has shown its huge potential for development. The creation of a website of Atomic collision theory group on the server of the Herzen University State Pedagogical University allows showing the main possibilities for teaching in a new environment, and also shows new ways of learning and teaching courses.

Keywords: interactive website, electronic resource, the theory of atomic collisions.
References [in Russian]

  1. Alekseeva O.A. Radiative processes in the interaction of atoms with anintermediate type of coupling of angular momenta: author’s abstract of the dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of candidate of physic-mathematical sciences. – St. Petersburg, 2014. – 25 pp.
  2. Rodionov D.S. Nonadiabatic transitions in slow atomic collisions: author’s abstract of the dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of candidate of physic-mathematical sciences – St. Petersburg, 2014. – 16 pp.
  3. Demkov N., Ostrovsky V.N. Zero-range Potentials and their Applications in Atomic Physics // New York: Plenum, 1988. – 288 pp.

 

Radio Waves and Photons
Alexander D. Komarov
E-mail: qomadkomad@gmail.com
Received October 30, 2015                                                                                  PACS  41.20.Jb
In this paper, we show that Maxwell’s equations lead to a discrete distribution model of EM radiation. Photon is a one-time emission of one electron is characterized by a plane of polarization and energy. Photon has wave properties and distributed in a particular direction, as a corpuscle. Only photons transfer energy in the form of the quantum of action between charged particles do not interact with each other in the absence of charges. Any electromagnetic radiation including radio waves composed of a plurality of photons, corresponding to the number of electrons participating in the radiation.
Keywords: radio wave; photon; EM radiation; polarization; the quantum of action; wave- particle duality.

References [in Russian]

  1. Yur’ev Yu.V. Svetovye volny i fotony [Light waves and photons]: uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie. – M.: MFTI, 2010.
  2. Komarov A.D. Poperechnye volny v tyazheloj neuprugoj niti [The transverse wave in a chain].

Fizicheskoe obrazovanie v vuzah [Physics in Higher Education]. Vol.19, ¹ 2, 2013, p. 26-29.

 

Crystal Optics in General Physics Practicum at Universities
T.M. Glushkova

M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Physical Department;
e-mail: glu_ta_mi@mail.ru
Received June 30, 2015                                                                       PACS 42.25.Gy, 78.20.Ci

An instrumental approach is proposed to measure both ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices of anisotropic uniaxial crystals. The experiment includes obtaining, observing and recording the interference pattern of wave beams obliquely incident on a wedge-shaped crystal sample. Refractive indices are then calculated based on measurements of the interference strip widths.
Keywords: crystal optics, anisotropy, uniaxial crystal, refractive index, optical indicatrix, optical axis.

References [in Russian]

  1. Landsberg G.S. Optics. – M. FIZMATLIT. 2006. 848 pp.
  2. Matveev A.N. Optics. – M. Higher School. 1985. 351 pp.
  3. Aleshkevich V.A. Optics. – M. FIZMATLIT. 2010. 319 pp.
  4. Mitin I.V., Saletskii A.M., Cherviakov A.V. New Laboratory Works in Optics. M. Phys. Dep. MSU. 2003. 195 pp.
  5. General Physics: Laboratory Practicum Guide. Edited by Krynetskii I.B. and Strukov B.A. – M. INFRA-M. 2008. 597 pp.
  6. Kozlov V.I. Antholodgy of General Physics Practicum. Part 4. Optics. – M. Phys. Dep. MSU. 2013. 180 pp.
  7. Mitin I.V. Laboratory Practicum in Physics. Optics. Work ¹ 142. Study of the Birefringence of Light Propagation in Anisotropic Uniaxial Crystals. – M. Phys. Dep. MSU. 2011. 20 pp.
  8. Mitin I.V. Laboratory Practicum in Physics. Optics. Work ¹ 147. Study of Natural Rotation of Light Polarization Plane. – M. Phys. Dep. MSU. 2010. 14 pp.
  9. Physics Encyclopedia. V. 2. – “Soviet Encyclopedia”. 1990. 704 pp.
  10. Sirotin Yu.I., Shascolskaya M.P. Principles of Crystals Physics. – M. Nauka. 1975. 680 pp.
  11. Konstantinova A.F., Grechushnikov B.N., Bokut’ B.L., Valyashko E.G. Optical Properties of Crystals. - Minsk. Science and Technology. 1995. 302 pp.
  12. Glushkova T.M., Ivanov S.A., Kiselev D.F., Firsova M.M., Shtyrkova A.P., Kostromin S.G., Shibaev V.P. Refraction of Homeotropically Oriented Films of Comb-Shaped LC Polimers. // Bulletin of MSU. Ser. 3. Physics. Astronomy. 1995. Vol. 36, ¹ 3, p. 33-38.

 

The Technology of the Physical Experiment: Luminescence Spectra and Quantum Yield
M.A. Goryaev, I.O. Popova, A.P. Smirnov
Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia;
e-mail: mgoryaev@mail.ru,timof(ira@yandex.ru,veter8808@mail.ru
Received August 17, 2015                                                                                 PACS 78.55. – m

The possibility of the technological learning and of the physical experiment culture development is considered in the task of spectral-luminescence investigations of the adsorbed dyes. The main studies from the experiment setting to the interpretation of the obtained results are discussed.
Keywords: culture of physical experiment, luminescence spectra, luminescence quantum yield.
References

  1. Goryaev M.A. Mater. XI Mezhd. Konf. «FSSO-11». Volgograd. 2011. V. 1. P. 46. [in Russian].
  2. Goryaev M.A. Mater. XII Mezhd. Konf. «FSSO-13».Petrozavodsk. 2013. V. 1. P. 54. [in Russian].
  3. Goryaev M.A., Popova I.O. Mater.XIII Mezhd.Konf. «FSSO-15». St.Petersburg.2015. V.1. P. 66. [in Russian].
  4. Goryaev M.A., Smirnov A.P. // Physics in Higher Educ. 2014. V. 20. ¹ 2. P. 164. [in Russian].
  5. Goryaev M.A., Popova I.O., Smirnov A.P.//Physics in Higher Educ. 2015. V.21. ¹ 2. P. 103. [in Russian].
  6. Goryaev M.A., Popova I.O., Smirnov A.P.  Mater. XIII Mezhd. Konf. «FSSO-15». St. Petersburg. 2015. V. 1. P. 68. [in Russian].
  7. Goryaev M. A. // Optics and Spectroscopy. 1980. V. 49. ¹ 6. P. 625.
  8. Goryaev M. Physical principles of photochemistry of the solid. Photolysis of inorganic solids. Saarbrucken: Lambert Acad. Publ. 2013. 144 p. [in Russian].
  9. Goryaev M. A. // Optics and Spectroscopy. 1981. V. 51. ¹ 6. P. 562.
  10. Goryaev M. A. // Soviet Technical Physics Letters. 1980. V. 6. ¹ 9. P. 484.
  11. Goryaev M. A. // Journal of Applied Spectroscopy. 1982. V. 36. ¹ 2. P. 186.
  12. Ivanov À.P., Predko Ê.G. Optics of luminescence screen. Minsk:Nauka i tekhnika,1984. 271 p. [in Russian].
  13. Goryaev M.A. Solving Physics Problems on Computer. St. Petersburg: LETI Publ. 2008. 64 p. [in Russian].

14. Goryaev M. A. // Journal of Applied Spectroscopy. 1985. V. 42. ¹ 1. P. 136 [in Russian].

 

Computer Scintillation Gamma Spectrometry in a Laboratory Workshop on the General Physics
S.N. Zhabin, S.I. Kudashev, V.V. Uskov,
Y.M. Tsipenyuk, Y.V. Yuryev
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University) 141700 Dolgoprudny Mosk. Region, Institutsky Lane, 9;
e-mail: tsip@kapitza.ras.ru
Received October 9, 2015                                                                  PACS 07.85.-m, 07.85.Nc
Application of the computerized installation for studying energy spectra of radioactive gamma sources of low activity in a student laboratory on general physics is considered. The basic principles of gamma-spectrometry and recommendations for use of installation in a laboratory practical work are described.
Keywords: radioactive source, gamma quantum, scintillation crystal, gamma-spectrometry.

References

  1. Kazakevich V.S., Kotova S.P., Petrov A.L., Sapnitsa T.N., Skobelev P.O. A system of virtual and real laboratories for a physical student laboratory//News of Samara scientific center RAS. 2000. No.1. URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sistema-virtualnoy-i-realnoy-laboratoriy-dlya- fizicheskogo-praktikuma [in Russian].
  2. Pets A.V. The modern laboratory workshop on nuclear and quantum physics // The Bulletin of I.Kant BFU. 2011. No.5. URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sovremennyy-laboratornyy- praktikum-po-atomnoi-i-kvantovoi-fizike [in Russian].
  3. William R.Leo. Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments. A How-to Approach. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1994.
  4. Aluker E.D., Gavrilov V.V., Deych R.G., Chernov S.A. The fast-proceeding radiation and stimulated processes in alkaline and haloid crystals. Riga, Zinatne, 1987, S.183 [in Russian].
  5. Abdrakhmanov M.S., Aluker A.E., Gorbenko B., Deych R.G., Dumbadze G.S. Mekhanizm of scintillation process in NaI-Tl. Journal of Solid State Physics. V. 31, ¹ 5, pp. 302-303, 1989 [in Russian].
  6. Igoshin F.F., Samarskii Yu.A., Tsipenyuk Yu.M. Laboratory workshop on general physics. Quantum physics. – M.: Fizmatkniga, 2012 [in Russian].
  7. Tables of physical quantities. The reference book under the editorship of I.K. Kikoin. – M.: Atomizdat, 1976 [in Russian].

 

Laboratory Setup for Measuring of Surface Tension of Liquids by the Maximum Bubble Pressure Method with Low Energy Consumption Heating System and Without Thermostat
G.N. Freyberg
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutskiy per., 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Oblast, Russia;
e-mail: vluki@bk.ru
Received August 21, 2015                                                                                   PACS 68.03.Cd

A device for determination of surface tension of liquids and solutions by the method of maximum bubble pressure is presented. Contrary to the standard Rehbinder setup, the system controlling the pressure inside the bubble is separated from the vessel containing the liquid allowing a prompt change of the sample. This makes the device very convenient for measurements of the temperature and liquid composition dependencies of surface tension. The devise is easy to use and does not contain an external thermostat and cooler. The measurement methodology and the experimental results are presented.
Keywords: maximum bubble pressure method, surface tension, density of the liquid, pressure, temperature.
References
1. Gladun A.D., Alexandrov D.A., Igoshin F.F., Korotkov P.F., Koryavov V.P., Ovchinnikov A.P., Samarskiy Yu.A., Tevryukov A.A., Freyberg G.N., “Laboratory practicum on general physics: Thermodynamics and molecular physics (Volume 1)”. Moscow, Russia: Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 2007, p. 292 [in Russian].

Modern X-ray Sources. I. X-ray Tubes
E.V. Smirnov
Bauman Moscow State Technical University
105005, Moscow, 2-nd Baumanskaya, 5; e-mail: seva09@rambler.ru
Received July 16, 2015                                                                                         PACS: 07.85-m

This article provides an overview of modern radiation sources X-ray range. X-ray tubes with transmission and reflective targets are considered. The possibilities of the use of micro- and nanotubes for improving the image quality of the objects are discussed. The features of the structure of field emission cathodes, allowing to create subminiature X-ray tubes are considered, and the preparation of their images using biological objects is described. The importance of the introduction of the achievements of nanotechnology in the development and improvement of X-ray sources is noted.

Keywords: X-ray micro- and nanotubes, cold cathodes with carbon nanotubes, nanotechnology.

References

  1. W.C. Rontgen. On a new kinds of rays. // Nature, v. 53, 1896, p. 274-276.
  2. F. Kharaja. General course of rentgenotechnika, 3 ed. M.-L., 1966. – 568 p. [In Russian].
  3. M.A. Blokhin. Physics of X-rays, 2 ed. M., 1957. – 518 p. [In Russian].
  1. Rentgenotechnika. Handbook ed. by V.V. Klyuev, books 1-2, M., 1980. B. 1 – 479 p., b. 2 – 363 p. [In Russian].
  2. S.A. Ivanov, G.A. Shchukin. X-ray tube technical purposes. L.: Energoatomizdat, 1989. – 198 p. [In Russian].
  3. A.N. Kishkovsky, L.A. Tyutin. Medical X-ray technology. L.: Medicine, 1983. – 312 p. [In Russian].
  4. www.ostec-ct.ru/technology/2d/ [In Russian].
  5. S.V. Alekseev, M.L. Taubin, A.A. Yaskolko. Nanocomposites in x-ray techniques. Moscow: Technosphere, 2014. – 208 p. [In Russian].
  6. M.A. Kumakhov. The radiation of channeled particles in crystals. – M.: Energoatomizdat, 1986. – 160 p. [In Russian].
  7. A.S. Gontar, V.A. Zaznoba, R.Ya. Kucherov, Yu.V. Nikolayev, M.L. Taubin. X-ray tube. Russian patent 2138879 [In Russian]. http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/213/2138879.html
  8. M. Shmakov. The choice of X-ray inspection. Looking technologist. // Technologies in modern industry, ¹ 4, 2006, p. 50-68 [In Russian]. www.finestreet.ru
  9. E.N. Potrahov. Microfocus radiography – innovative technology for medical diagnostics. // Medical equipment, n. 5, 2012, p. 44-46 [In Russian].
  10. A.A. Podymski, E.N. Potrahov. Microfocus x-ray tube with rotating anode. // Medical equipment, n. 2, 2014, p. 44-46 [In Russian].
  11. D. Bernard. Selection criteria x-ray tube. // Technology in the electronics industry, n. 4, 2010, 19-21 [In Russian].
  12. U.E. Frank, N. Deneke. Modern technology of x-ray inspection. // Technology in the electronics industry, n. 1, 2006, p. 60-62. [In Russian].
  13. A.V. Eletsky. Cold field emitters based on carbon nanotubes. // Physics-Uspekhi, v. 180, n. 9, 2010,897-930 [In Russian].
  14. A. S. Bugaev, P. A. Eroshkin, V. A. Romanko, E. P. Sheshin. Low-power x-ray tube (the modern state). Physics-Uspekhi, v. 183, n. 7, 2013, p. 727-740 [In Russian].
  15. L.K. Martinson, E.V. Smirnov. Quantum physics. – 4-th issue. – Moscow: Publishing House of Moscow State Technical University, 2012. – 528 pp. [In Russian].
  16. S. Seneda, Y. Sakai, Y. Mizuta, F. Okuyama. Super-miniature x-ray tube. // Applied physics letters, v. 85, n. 23, 2004, p. 5679-5681.
  17. S.H. Heo, A. Ihsan, S.O. Cho. Transmission-tape microfocus x-ray tube using carbon nanotube field emitters. // Applied physics letters, v. 90, 2007, p. 183109, 1-3.
  18. S.H. Heo, H.J. Kim, J.M. Ha, S.O. Cho. A vacuum-sealed miniature X-ray tube based on carbon nanotube field emitters. // Nanoscale Research Letters, v. 7, 2012, p. 1-5.

 

Demonstration of Electric Eddy Field by Gas Discharge
I.N. Fetisov
Bauman Moscow State Technical University
105005, Moscow, 2th Baumanskaya, 5; e-mail: infetisov@mail.ru
Received June 29, 2015                                                                    PACS: 52.70.Ds, 01.50.My

Methodology and apparatus to demonstrate the electric eddy field by high-frequency induction in a gas discharge lamp were presented. A portable radio station as well as bactericidal and induction lamps were used. The proposed illustrative and colorful demonstration has advantages in comparison with well-known methods.
Keywords: electric eddy field, induction discharge, bactericidal lamp, induction lamp, demonstration.
References

  1. L.K. Martinson, A.N. Morozov, E.V. Smirnov. Electromagnetic field. – Moscow, Bauman MSTU Publ., 2013, 422 p. [in Russian].
  2. R.A. Belokopytov, V.K. Kovnackij. The unit for the investigation of electric eddy fields in the magnetic environment. Patent RU 2303295 G09B23/18. 10.02.2006 [in Russian].
  3. I.N. Fetisov. Demonstration of eddy electric field using high-frequency inductive discharge.// Modern physics workshop. Proceedings of the VII method. Conf. the countries of the Commonwealth. – Moscow, Publ. House of the Moscow physical society, 2002, p. 175 [in Russian].
  4. I.N. Fetisov. Eddy electric field. – Moscow, Bauman MSTU Publ., 2013, 21 p. [in Russian].
  5. Physical Encyclopedic Dictionary. Vol. 5. Moscow, Great Russian encyclopedia Publ., 1998, pp. 509–514 [in Russian].
  6. A.N. Matveev. Electricity and magnetism. – Moscow, Higher School, 1983, 463 p. [in Russian].
  7. D.V. Sivukhin. Electricity. – Moscow, Science Publ., 1983, 688 p. [in Russian].

8. E. Purcell. Electricity and magnetism. – Moscow, Science Publ., 1971, 448 p. [in Russian].

Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education and Natural-Science Education of Students of Pedagogical Universities
M.Yu. Korolev, L.V. Koroleva
Moscow Pedagogical State University, 119991, Moscow, Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1, bld. 1;
e3mail: myu.korolev@mpgu.edu,lv.koroleva@mpgu.edu
Received September 19, 2015                                                                              PACS 01.40.gb

In article, the role of natural-science education of students of pedagogical universities is considered. Value of disciplines of “Physics”, “A natural-science picture of the world” and “The concept of modern natural sciences” for development of scientific thinking of students is discussed. Examines the evolution of state educational standards of higher education from the point of view of reflection of the importance of natural science components of the education of students of pedagogical universities.
Keywords: natural-science education of students, pedagogical education, bachelors, standards of the higher education, discipline of “Physics”, scientific thinking.

References [in Russian]

  1. Aleksashina I.Yu., Bulyubash B.V., Zavarykina L.N., Knyazev V.N., Korolev M.Yu., Koroleva L.V., Lyublinskaya I.E., Malyarchuk O.V., Odintsova N.I., Pentin A.Yu., Petrova E.B., Sviridov V.V., Sviridova E.I., Silaev E.V., Sokolova I.I., Shulgina N.M. Problems of teaching of science in Russia and abroad / edited by E.B. Petrova (Ser. 44 Psychology, pedagogy, education technology.) – Moscow: Lenand, 2014. – 160 ñ.
  2. Korolev M.Yu. Natural science disciplines as a basis for the formation of the scientific worldview and the development of theoretical thinking of students/ In coll. Teaching experience of science in Russia and abroad. – M.: INFRA-M, 2015. – P. 43-57.
  3. Korolev M.Yu. Methodical system of training method of modeling student’s scientific and mathematical directions of training in pedagogical universities: Dis. ... doctor of pedagogy. – M., 2012. – 482 ñ.
  4. Korolev M.Yu., Koroleva L.V. The discipline of “Physics” in the system training of bachelor of mathematical and natural science profile in the direction “Pedagogical education”// Physics in Higher Education. 2013. V. 19. ¹ 2. P. 143-147.
  5. Korolev M.Yu., Koroleva L.V., Petrova E.B. About integration processes in education// Science and school. 2009. ¹. 6. P. 3-6.
  6. Nikonova Ya.I. Innovative development of the Russian education system: an analysis of three generations of standards // Fundamental research. 2011. ¹. 8. P. 299-302.
  7. Petrova E.B. Professionally designed methodical system of training in physics of future teachers of natural science disciplines: Monograph. – M.: “Karpov E.V.”, 2009. – 145 p.

 

Preparing Graduate Students for Professional Careers in the Learning Process in Laboratory Course
E.B. Petrova, L.V. Koroleva
Moscow Pedagogical State University, 119991, Moscow, Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1, bld. 1;
e-mail: eb.petrova@mpgu.edu,lv.koroleva@mpgu.edu
Received September 19, 2015                                                                              PACS 01.40.gb

The article examines the role of laboratory science workshop for graduate students of the master program «The Modern Natural Sciences» (pedagogical education). Discusses the importance of natural-science laboratory course for the formation of the competences required for the inclusive education of students of pedagogical universities.
Keywords: natural-science education of students, pedagogical education, state educational standards of the higher education, natural-science laboratory course.

References [in Russian]

  1. Zavarykina L.N., Koroleva L.V., Korolev M.Yu., Petrova E.B. Master program «Modern natural-science» – the concept, structure, content// Physics in Higher Education. 2013. V. 19. N 4. P. 107-116.
  2. Koroleva L.V., Petrova E.B., Korolev M.Yu., Zavarykina L.N., Odintsova N.I. Preparation of masters in the field of natural sciences within the competency approach: monograph. – Moscow: Karpov E.V., 2015. – 128 p.
  3. Aleksashina I.Yu., Bulyubash B.V., Zavarykina L.N., Knyazev V.N., Korolev M.Yu., Koroleva L.V., Lyublinskaya I.E., Malyarchuk O.V., Odintsova N.I., Pentin A.Yu., Petrova E.B., Sviridov V.V., Sviridova E.I., Silaev E.V., Sokolova I.I., Shulgina N.M. Problems of teaching of science in Russia and abroad / edited by E.B. Petrova (Ser. 44 Psychology, pedagogy, education technology.) – Moscow: Lenand, 2014. – 160 p.
  4. Petrova E.B. Peculiarities of training graduate students in the field of educational experiment/ in coll. Teaching experience of science in Russia and abroad. – M.: INFRA-M, 2015. – 168 p.

 

Quality Analysis of First-Year Students-Pilots Knowledge on Physics
N. Gromova, V. Glukhov
Ulyanovsk Higher Civil Aviation School, 432071, 8/8 Mozhaiskogo Ul.,
Ulyanovsk, Russian Federation; e-mail: natagrom@rambler.ru
Received October 2, 2015                                                                                     PACS 01.40 gb

The paper presents the results of the investigation of basic (secondary school) level of education on physics of student-pilots. It gives an estimation of the correspondence of this level with general state secondary-school exams results. We suggest some recommendations that in our opinion may help to increase the students- pilot’s education quality.
Keywords: education, physics, academic performance, analysis.

References [in Russian]

  1. Selezneva N.A. Quality of higher education as an object of systematic study. Lecture-report. 2 ed. – Moscow: Education Quality Problems Research center, 2002.
  2. Dolzhenko O.V., Shatunovsky V.L. Modern methods and technology of teaching in technique universities. – Moscow: Higher School, 1990.
  3. Quality of higher education / Editor Ì.P. Karpenko. Moscow: SGU publishing house, 2012, 291 p.
  4. Gmurman V.E. Probability theory and mathematic statistics. High-school textbook. – 11 åd., Moscow: Higher education, 2008, – 404 p.
  5. Glukhov V.P., Gromova N.Y., Nikonova S.P. Monitoring of academic performance of first-year student- pilots in math // Scientific Bulletin UHCAS, ¹ 6. – Ulyanovsk: UHCAS, 2014. – P. 83-86.
  6. General   state   exam   statistics,   electronic   resource.   –       http://www.bing.com/search?q=4ege. Ru|analitika|4218–vsya–statistika–po–ege–2013.

 

Formation of the Bachelors’ Evolutionary Worldview: from Elementary to High School
E.E. Odintsova1, N.I. Odintsova2
1 PFUR, Russia, Moscow, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 6, 117198; e-mail: kate.odints@gmail.com
2 MSPU, Russia, Moscow, M. Pirogovskaya Str., 1/1, 119991; e-mail: nodints1960@gmail.com

Received October 20, 2015                                  PACS 01.40.Di 01.40.Fk 01.40.gb 01.40.Ha

Here we describe the problems related to the formation of evolutionary worldview in university students. The results of the school textbooks analysis are presented. It is shown that in the school curriculum the least attention is devoted to the cosmological, stellar, galactic and prebiotic evolution. The results of the survey among students of two Russian universities are presented, which indicate correlation of residual knowledge about the evolution and the amount of information given in school textbooks, are presented. The plan of the evolutionary worldview formation is proposed. It includes review and actualization of the facts concerning evolution in chronological order, introduction of the concept of self-organization, formation of the conception of self-formation is the basis to explain the global evolution of the Universe and the final generalization of the studied material.
Keywords: scientific worldview formation, concepts of the modern scientific worldview, principles of natural science teaching, global evolutionism, evolutionary worldview, concept of evolution.
Reference

  1. A.D. Sukhanov, O.N. Golubeva. Concepts of modern natural science. Textbook for High Schools. M.: Drofa, 2006. – 256 pp. [in Russian]
  2. V.N. Lozovskii, S.V. Lozovskii. Concepts of modern natural science. The manual. St.-Petersburg: Lan’, 2006 – 224 pp. [in Russian]
  3. V.M. Naidysh. Concepts of modern natural science: Textbook. – M.: Alpha-M; INFRA-M, 2004. — 622 pp. [in Russian]
  4. A.A. Grib. Concepts of modern natural science. – M.: Binom. Laboratoriya znanii, 2003. – 311 p. [in Russian]
  5. Yu.A. Nefed’ev, V.S. Borovskih, A.I. Galeev et al. Natural-scientific worldview (two parts)  / Ed. By N.A. Sackhibullin– Kazan: Kazan Federal University, 2011. – part 2 – 211 pp. [in Russian]
  1. E.E. Odintsova. Training complex on the discipline “Concepts of modern natural science” -M.: Publisher PFUR, 2015. – 31 pp. [in Russian]
  2. N.S. Purysheva, N.E. Vazheevskaya, D.A. Isaev. Physics 11 grade. Basic level. – M.: Drofa, 2014. – 304 pp. [in Russian]
  3. B.A.Vorontsov-Vel’yaminov, E.K. Straut. Astronomy. 11grade. – M.: Drofa, 2003 – 224 pp. [in Russian]
  4. I.I. Barinova, A.A. Pleshakov, N.I. Sonin. Geography. Initial course. 5 grade. – M.: Drofa, 2014. –144 pp. [in Russian]
  5. D.K. Belyaev, P.M. Borodin, N.N. Vorontsova et al. Biology. General biology. 10-11 grades: textbook for general education schools: basic level. / Ed. by D.K. Belyaev, G.M. Dymshits. – M.:Prosvescheniye, 2012. – 304 pp. [in Russian]
  6. O.S. Gabrielyan. Chemistry. 10 grade. Basic level. – M.: Drofa, 2014. – 192 pp. [in Russian]

O.S. Gabrielyan. Chemistry. 11 grade. Basic level. – M.: Drofa, 2014. – 224 pp. [in Russian]

  1. N.I. Odintsova. System-activity approach to learning science in school // Physics in Higher Education, vol. 19, n. 4, 2013, p. 117-125. [in Russian]
  2. N.I. Odintsova, E.E. Odintsova. The natural-scientific worldview: succession of secondary and higher education // Prepodavatel XXI vek, vol. 1, n. 3, 2014, p. 16-21.
  3. M.V. Solodikhina. The use of information technologies for teaching “Cosmic evolution” discipline // Vestnik Tula state university, vol. 1, n. 13, p. 60-63.
  4. C. Sagan. Dragons of Eden: Speculations on the Evolution of Human Intelligence. — Random House Publishing Group, 1977. — 263 pp.
  5. I. Prigogine, I. Stengers. Order out of Chaos: Man’s new dialogue with nature. – Bantam Books, 1984 – 349 pp.

The Horizontal Pendulum
V.V. Blagoveshchenskii, I.A. Vodomesov
Kostroma State University named after NÀ Nekrasov E-mail: blagovvv@list.ru,iv_vod@mail.ru
Received April 22, 2015                                                   PACS: 01.50.H!, 02.30.Hq, o5.45.!a

The authors constructed a computer model of a mathematical pendulum hard suspension with oscillating point of suspension. The model explores the possibility of stabilizing the oscillation of the pendulum in the horizontal position. Located threshold frequency stabilization. The dependence of the amplitude and period of oscillations stabilized arising from the oscillation frequency of the suspension point. The same study is conducted to find the phenomenon of stabilization at all angles of inclination of the direction of oscillation. The threshold frequency is treated as a bifurcation point.
Keywords: inverted pendulum, stabilization, forced oscillation, threshold frequency.
Reference

  1. Kapitsa P.L. // JETPh. 1951. Vol. 21, ¹ 5. P. 588 [in Russian].
  2. Stephenson A. // Phil. Mag. 1908. Vol. 15. P. 233.
  3. Landau L.V., Lifshitz I.Ì. / Theoretical physics. Mechanics. – M.: Nauka, 1988 [in Russian].
  4. Blagoveshchenskii V.V. / Computer labs in physics package MathCAD – Ñpb.: Lan, 2013 [in Russian].
  5. Sang-Yoon K., Bambi Hu. // Phys. Rev. 1998. E 58 P. 3028.
  6. Butikov E.I. // Am. J. Phys. 2001. Vol. 69. P. 755.

 

Study of Le Chatelier – Brown Principle in Mechanics Section of General Physics at Bauman MSTU
K.V. Glagolev, A.N. Morozov, M.L. Pozd‘ishev
Bauman Moscow State Technical University; e-mail: amor59@mail.ru

Received September 3, 2015                                                                                PACS 05.70.Ln
The examples that demonstrate Le Chatelier – Brown principle in Mechanics section are given in the article. It takes into account the further sections of General Physics course: Thermodynamics, Electricity, Electromagnetic Waves, Solid State Physics. This approach provides an opportunity for better demonstration of interrelation of various sections of Physics.
Keywords: Le-Chatelier – Brown principle, Thermodynamical system, Mechanical system, balanced state.

References [in Russian]

  1. Sivukhin D.V. The global course of physic. Thermodynamic and molecular physics, V, 2: Moscow, Physmatlit, 2005, 544 p.
  2. Glagolev K.V., Morozov A.N. Physical thermodynamics. Moscow, Bauman MSTU publ., 2007, 272 p.
  3. Gurov A.A., Badaev F.Z., Ovcharenko L.P., Shapoval V.N. Chemistry coursebook. Moscow, Bauman MSTU publ., 2004, 748 p.
  4. Lebedev U.A., Fadeev G.N., Golubev A.M., Shapoval V.N. Chemistry: the coursebook for bachelors. Moscow, Uright publ., 2014, 527 p.
  5. Mubarakshin I.R. About Newton’s First Law // Physics in Higher Education, 2012, V. 12, ¹ 3, P. 62-67.
  6. Biankin B.M., Gladkov N.A., Morozov A.N. The calculate of dynamics parameters of gyroscope. Moscow, Bauman MSTU publ., 1990, 10 p.
  7. Frish S.E., Timoreva A.V. The course of general physics, V. 1. Sankt-Petersburg, “Lan” publ., 2006, 480 p.
  8. Martinson L.K., Morozov A.N., Smirnov E.V. Electromagnetic field. Moscow, Bauman MSTU publ, 2013, 422 c.
  9. Vintaikin B.E. Solid State Physics. Moscow, Bauman MSTU publ, 2006, 360 c.
  10. Glagolev K.V., Morozov A.N. The application of Le Chatelier – Brown principle for interpretation of the results of the long-lasting fluctuations of the electric strength in minor volumes of electrolytes // Science and Education of the Bauman MSTU. Electronic journal, 2015, ¹ 6, P. 1-9. DOI:10.7463/ 0615.0778630
  11. Glagolev K.V., Morozov A.N., Pozd‘ishev M.L. Calculation of entropy increment during heat exchange between two solid bodies// Science and Education of the Bauman MSTU. Electronic journal, 2014, ¹ 1, P. 1-5. DOI:10.7463/0114.0681975
  12. Glagolev K.V., Morozov A.N. The Le Chatelier – Brown principle for various application physical problems. The eight All-Russia Conference “Irreversible Processes in Nature and Techniques”. Moscow, Bauman MSTU publ, 2013, part III, P. 224.
  13. Izaskov M.N. Self-organization and information on planets and ecosystems // Advances in Physical Sciences, 1997, V. 167, ¹ 10, P. 1087–1094.
  14. Torko A.M. Resistance of biosphere processes and Le Chatelier principle // The reports of Academy of Sciences, 1995, V. 348, ¹ 3, P. 393–395.