Physics in Higher Education
V. 21, ¹ 1, 2015
The contents

5 Heartily Congratulations to Our Jubilee’s Men (A.D. Gladun)
7 «Physics in Higher Education» 20 years
Î.N. Êrokhin, N.V. Kalachev
12 Problems of Physical Education and Ways of Their Decision in the Light of Materials XIII-th Conference «Modern Physical Practical Work»
Î.N. Êrokhin, Ì.B. Shapochkin, N.V. Êalachev
25 Brief Description of Evolution of Thermodynamics and Related Questions of the Teaching of this Discipline in the Courses of General and Theoretical Physics
Yu.G. Rudoy
42 The Method of Study of the Topic «Highly Degenerate Ideal Gases» by the Students of Engineering and Physical Specialties. Fermi-Gas
V.M. Goldman, V.I. Novoselov
54 From the Experience of First Year Students Adaptation in the Educational Environment in a Technical University on the Example of Physics Course Study
A.V. Makienko
62 On the Solution of a Problem on the «Contact Potential Difference»
L.M. Tsurikova, V.I. Tsurikov
68 Study of the Material Point Motion in the Central Field Using the Laboratory Works Simulated Physical Processes on Computer
O.G. Revinskaya, N.S. Kravchenko
81 New Hardware Capabilities of the Laboratory Facility for Study of First-Order Phase Transition (Liquid–Gas)
A.R. Filipp, I.I. Jolnerevich
87 The Influence on Radiation Spectrum Characteristic Curves of the Solar Battery
S.L. Timchenko, O.J. Dementieva, N.A. Zadorozhnyi
98 Diffraction of Particles on the Slits: from Electrons to Biological Molecules
E.V. Smirnov
112 Develop Training Laboratory Work in the Conditions a Minimum of Laboratory Equipment (II)
V.V. Matyukhin, G.F. Ivanitskaya
120 On Usage of the StatSoft Statistica Product for Verification and Identification of the Parameters of Physical Models Built at Laboratory Practice
V.V. Chistyakov
133 The Possibilities of Different Units Equipped with Sensors for High School Practical Works on Physics  from «Scientific Entertainment» Company
S.V. Khomenko, N.K. Khannanov, O.A. Povalyaev
149 Obituary

 

PHYSICS
IN HIGHER EDUCATION
FoundersoftheJournal:
Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation Moscow Physical Society
International Association of Developers and Manufactures of Educational Technology
The four-monthly journal ISSN 1609-3143
The journal is registered at the State Committee of the Russian Federation on the Press. Certificate of registration of the mass media no. 019360 dated November 2, 1999.

Journal Council
Oleg N. Krokhin – Prof., D. Sci., Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), (Editor-in-Chief)
Anatoliy D. Gladun — Prof., D. Sci., Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), (Deputy Editor-in-Chief)
Nikolay P. Kalashnikov – Prof., D. Sci., National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), (Deputy Editor-in-Chief)
Vladimir I. Nikolayev – Prof., D. Sci., Lomonosov Moscow State University, (Deputy Editor-in- Chief)
Mikhail B. Shapochkin – Prof., D. Sci., Chairman of the Board of Moscow Physical Society, (Deputy Editor-in-Chief)
Yuriy L. Kolesnikov — Prof., D. Sci., St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics & Optics
Nikolay N. Kudryavtsev — Prof., D. Sci., Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences.
Mikhail N. Strikhanov — Prof., D. Sci., National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Nikolay N. Sysoev— Prof., D. Sci., Lomonosov Moscow State University
Dmitry R. Khokhlov — Prof., D. Sci., Lomonosov Moscow State University. Corresponding
Member of Russian Academy of Sciences.
Editorial Board

Olga N. Golubeva — Prof., D. Sci., Russian People’s Friendship University
Yuriy A. Gorohovatskiy — Prof., D. Sci., Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg
Irina N. Zavestovskaya — Prof., D. Sci., P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Vladimir S. Lebedev— Prof., D. Sci., P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University)
Andrey N. Morozov — Prof., D. Sci., National Research Bauman Technical University
Yuriy S. Pesotskiy — Prof., D. Sci., Association «MARPUT»
Natalia S. Purysheva – Prof., D. Sci., Moscow Pedagogical State University Alexander M. Saleckiy – Prof., D. Sci., Lomonosov Moscow State University Gennadiy G. Spirin — Prof., D. Sci., Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) Galina P. Stefanova —Prof., D. Sci., Astrakhan State University
Yuriy G. Rudoy — Prof., D. Sci., Russian People’s Friendship University
Executive Secretary
Nikolay V. Kalachev — Prof., D. Sci., Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)

Technical Edition
Pavel D. Berezin — technical editing, Publishing Service P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS
Tatyana Val. Alekseeva— engineer Publishing Service P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS
Tatyana Vik. Alekseeva — editor  Publishing  Service P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS

Phone: +7 (499) 132-66-51
E-mail: kalachev@sci.lebedev.ru Internet: http://pinhe.lebedev.ru/

 

Brief Description of Evolution of Thermodynamics and Related Questions of the Teaching of this Discipline in the Courses of General and Theoretical Physics
Yu.G. Rudoy
People’s Friendship University of Russia; e-mail: rudikar@mail.ru
Received March 15, 2015                           PACS 05.70 – a, 05.70. Ce, 05.70. Fh, 05.70. Ln

In this article is suggested the brief description of the history and evolution of the thermodynamics as the important part of the physical science as a whole; this history started at 1824 by the eminent work of S. Carnot and at present time it is nearly 200 years old. This description is inevitably approximate (and even rather subjective) and consists of 8–10 stages of various (and constantly reducing) durations: from 35-45 years in the first century of thermodynamics’ evolution up to 25-10 in the second century. The main purpose of such a historical description consists in the attempt of comparing of the stages of the evolution and development of the thermodynamics as a science and, on the other hand, of its reflection in the teaching of this discipline on the both levels – of the general as well as theoretical physics. It is shown that the main content of most modern textbooks encloses only part of these stages and thus needs definite modernization; as a one but very representative example may serve the traditional problem as the heat engine efficiency which is rather valuable for the engineering high-school students.
Keywords: thermodynamics, Carnot cycle, heat engine, open physical objects, synergetics.

References

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The Method of Study of the Topic «Highly Degenerate Ideal Gases» by the Students of Engineering and Physical Specialties. Fermi-Gas

V. M. Goldman, V. I. Novoselov
The Branch «Tobolsk Industrial University» Federal State University
«TyumenStateOil-and-GasUniversity»626158, Tobolsk, Campus District, 5; Tobolsk, Russia;
E-mail:goldmanvm@yandex.ru,vivnovoselov@yandex.ru
Received December 12, 2014                                                                                PACS 05.70.Ce

The authors offer a method of studying thermodynamic characteristics of highly degenerate ideal quantum gases (on the example of Fermi-gas), in the course of studying physics in Technical Institutions of Higher Education of engineering and physical profile.
Keywords: Fermi-gas, Fermi-Dirac statistics, degeneracy, Fermi level, state equation.
References

  • GoldmanV.M.,NovoselovV.I.The structure and contents of the basic notions of the subject «Statistical Thermodynamics» from the point of view of the achievements of contemporary physics and physical education // Physical Education in the Institutions of Higher Education. 2012. V. 18, ¹ 1. P. 12-20 [in Russian].
  • GoldmanV.M.,NovoselovV.I.Ideal gases in physical theories // The materials of scientific-practical conference «Physical education: problems and prospects». Part 2. Moscow: The Publishing house of MPSU, 2014. P.107-111 [in Russian].
  • LandauL.D.,LifshitzYe.M.Theoretical physics. Vol. 5. Part I. Moscow: Nauka, 1976, P. 583 [in Russian].

From the Experience of First Year Students Adaptation in the Educational Environment in a Technical University on the Example of Physics Course Study

A.V. Makienko
Tomsk Polytechnic University
634055, Tomsk, Lenin Str. 30; e-mail: ant.mak@tpu.ru
Received January 14, 2015                                                                                  PACS 01.40.gb

The article discusses features and practical recommendations on the organization of first year student adaptation in an educational environment based on the experience of teaching physics course at a technical university.
Keywords:Physics, experience, adaptation, self-study.

References [in Russian]

  • SolovievA.University entrant – student: problems of adaptation/ A. Soloviev, E. Makarenko// Higher education in Russia. – 2007. – P. 54–56.
  • ChernykhA.V.Checking of basic knowledge of first year students in Physics and ways to improve efficient of learning / A.V. Chernykh // Physics in Higher Education. – 2013. – Vol. 19, ¹ 2. – P. 3–15.
  • MakienkoA.V. On the experience of the organization of independent work of students in the study of physics // Improvement of the content and technology of the educational process: book of abstracts of the Scientific Methodical Conference. – Tomsk: TPU, 2010. – P. 50–51.
  • Makienko A.V. Special theory of relativity (STR) // Workbook for practical lessons on the course «General Physics». – Tomsk: TPU, 2011. – 24 p.
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  • ChertovA.G.,VorobyovÀ.À.Book of problems in physics: a manual for technical universities. – Moscow: Publishing house of Physics and Mathematics literature, 2007.

 

On the Solution of a Problem on the «Contact Potential Difference»
L.M. Tsurikova, V.I. Tsurikov

Kostroma State Agricultural Academy; e-mail: tsurikov@inbox.ru

Received November 27, 2014                                                                                PACS: 41.20.Cv

This Paper is devoted to solving the problem of finding a field near the contact of two different conductors. The proposed solution based on the method of conformal mapping is different from the one proposed by L. Landau and E. Lifshitz, the authors of a course of theoretical physics. It is easier, is accurate and does not require any kind of speculation regarding the decision.
Keywords:conductor, the electric field intensity, potential difference, conformal mappings.

References [in Russian]

  • LandauL.D.,LifshitzE.M.Electrodynamics of continuous media. M.: Nauka. 1982. 620 p.
  • SidorovYu.V.,FedoryukM.V.,ShabuninM.I.Lectures on the theory of functions of a complex variable. M.: Nauka. 1982. 488 p.
  • RadyginV.M.,GolubevaO.V.Application of functions of a complex variable in the problems of physics and engineering. M.: Higher School. 1983. 160 p.

Study of the Material Point Motion in the Central Field using the Laboratory Works Simulated Physical Processes on Computer
Olga G. Revinskaya, Nadegda S. Kravchenko

National research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia, 634034, Tomsk, av. Lenin, 30; e-mail: ogr@tpu.ru
Received December, 12, 2010                          PACS: 01.55.+b; 01.50.Qb; 07.05.Tp; 01.50.H-

Central interaction is both one of the basic questions of general physics and one of the most difficult to learn. Therefore the search for new approaches to the study of this question continues to be of interest among teachers. In this paper we consider the development of methods of central interaction questions teaching with the use of modern capabilities of simulation of physical processes on the computer
Keywords:methods of teaching physics in high school, movement of material point in a central field, the physical model, computer tools in education.
References

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  • KravchenkoN.S.,RevinskayaO.G.,StarodubtsevV.A.Complex computer simulation laboratory work in physics: principles for the development and application experience in the educational process // Physical education in high schools. 2006, T. 12, ¹ 2, P. 85-95 [in Russian].
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New Hardware Capabilities of the Laboratory Facility for Study of First-Order Phase Transition (Liquid–Gas)
A.R. Filipp, I.I. Jolnerevich

Belarusian State University,
4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, 220030, Minsk, Republic of Belarus; e-mail: krr22@nm.ru

Received December, 13, 2011                                                                                 PACS 65.20.-w

The article describes the new hardware efficiency of the laboratory facilities for studying first-order phase transition (liquid–gas). This enables to calculate the percentage of ethanol solution, the molar heat of phase transition liquid-vapor and to check Clapeyron–Clausius equation, to measure liquid‘s heat capacity.
Keywords:phase transition, Clapeyron–Clausius equation, liquid’s heat capacity, molecular physics laboratory.
References

  • Jolnerevich I.I.,Filipp A.R.New Molecular Physics Laboratory on General Physics Course/ Physics in Higher Education – 2005, Vol. 11, Nî 1, p. 36. [In Russian].
  • Jolnerevich I.I.,Filipp A.R.,Moskalev A.I.Laboratory equipment for study of phase transitions in liquids /Bulletin of BSU. – Minsk, Belarusian State University, 2007, ser. 1, ¹ 3, p. 56. [In Russian].
  • Irodov I.E.Problems in general physics. – M.: Binom, 2010, 421 pp. [In Russian].

The Influence on Radiation Spectrum Characteristic Curves of the Solar Battery
S.L. Timchenko, O.J. Dementieva, N.A. Zadorozhnyi

Moscow State Technical University named N.E. Bauman
2-nd Baumanskaya str., Moscow, 105005, Russia
E-mail: svtimchenko@yandex.ru
Received February 25, 2015                                                                                   PACS 88.40.jj

The influence of the spectrum of solar radiation simulators on the characteristic curve of solar cell was investigated. The spectrum of the radiation sources was determined experimentally. Estimating of the photons number in the characteristic spectral ranges of radiators was carried out due to the use of spectral curves of radiators. The efficiency of the solar cell and form factor (duty ratio voltage-current characteristic) were calculated. It was found that the electrical characteristics of the solar battery affects spectrum of the light sources. In general, it was found that the efficiency of the solar cell when used as radiation sources incandescent bulbs on average – 3,51%, halogen lamps – 3,0%, energy-saving lamps – 5,8%, LED lamp – 8,76%.
Keywords: solar cell, the radiation spectrum, intensity, resistance, capacity.

References

  • V.M. Andreev, V.A. Griliches, V.D. Rumiantzev. A photoelectric conversion of concentrated solar radiation. – L.: Science, 1989. – 310 p. [in Russian].
  • V.P.Afanasiev.Thin%film solar cells based on silicon. – Spb. – 2011. – 168 p. [in Russian].
  • TESS Expert PHYWE, Laboratory Experiments Physics School University, PHYWE Sistem Gmb & Co – 2012.

Diffraction of Particles on the Slits: from Electrons to Biological Molecules
E.V. Smirnov
Bauman Moscow State Technical University
105005, Moscow, 2th Baumanskaya, 5; e-mail: seva09@rambler.ru
Received November 30, 2014                                                                                    PACS 03.75

This paper presents an overview of the results of experimental studies on the diffraction of particles from the two slits and diffraction gratings. These experiments are of fundamental importance for quantum mechanics; their implementation was possible due to the development of technologies in the creation of diffraction gratings, first and foremost, nanotechnology. Using nanogratings it is possible to observe the diffraction picture not only for electrons but also for atoms and for very large molecules, the mass of which can be of the order of several thousand a.u.m. There remains the possibility of implementing high-precision physical measurements performed in a similar diffraction experiments. The urgent need to study these experimental results in the course of General physics of the technical universities and universities is noted.
Keywords:experimental foundations of quantum physics, de Broglie wave, diffraction gratings, nanotechnology.

References

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Develop Training Laboratory Work in the Conditions a Minimum of Laboratory Equipment (II)
V.V. Matyukhin, G.F. Ivanitckaya
Kamchatka State Technical University Petropavlovsk-Kamchatka, Klyuchevckaya st., 35;
e-mail: streletc4@yandex.ru,ivani-zhanna@yandex.ru

Received November 09, 2014                                                             PACS 44.40.+a, 44.05.+e

Presented a training laboratory work at the rate of molecular physics and thermodynamics, which allows the simplest equipment experimentally determines the coefficient of heat transfer, radiation energy and heat capacity of the system. This becomes possible due to deeper mathematical treatment of experimental data - the temperature dependence on time. Presents experimental graphics temperature dependence and practical calculations.
Keywords:heat balance equation, heat transfer coefficient, heat capacity, approximation of a power series, emissivity’s, emissivity, least square method.
References [in Russian]

  • MatyukhinV.Develop training laboratory work in the conditions a minimum of laboratory equipment // Physics in Higher Education. 2002, Vol. 3, ¹ 8, p. 42-49.
  • KrokhinO.,OchkinV.,ZavestovskayaI.Scientific Research Center “Fundamental Optics and Spectroscopy” // Physics in Higher Education. 1999, v. 5, ¹ 1.
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On Usage of the StatSoft Statistica Product for Verification and Identification of the Parameters of Physical Models Built at Laboratory Practice
Chistyakov V.V.
Baltic State Technical University «Voenmekh» named after D.F. Ustinov, Russia, 150095, Sanct-Peterburg, 1-st Krasnoarmeyskaya str., 1;
E-mail: chistiakov_v_v@rambler.ru

Received February 11, 2015                                                                  PACS 01.50.Lc, 02.50.Fz

The methodic and experience are presented how to process the measurement results received at physical practicum with the use of StatSoft Statistica program. It is demonstrating that the program with its possibilities of linear and nonlinear regression along with descriptive analysis and rich graphic possibilities may successfully implement for the verification of well! known physical laws and alternative to them formulas. The advantage of such usage is demonstrating for labs in Mechanics, Molecular Physics and Optics.
Keywords: physical model, data processing, StatSoft Statistica, linear/nonlinear regression, proving of hypothesis, parameter evaluation, critical thinking.
References

  • Models and physics concepts: Mechanics. Laboratory workshop. Processing of measurement results. M.: MFTI, 2011, 42 pp. [in Russian].
  • Yu.B.Kotov,T.A.Semenova.Improper Use the Gaussian Distribution Model for Random Error Assessment during Experiment with Small Volume Samples/JOURNAL of the MOSCOW PHYSICAL SOCIETY Series “B” “Physics in Higher Education”. V. 20, iss. 3, 2014, pp. 13!19 [in Russian].
  • V.V.Glazkov,A.S.Kondratyev,A.V.Lyaptsev.Mathematical Modeling at Physics Studying/ JOURNAL of the MOSCOW PHYSICAL SOCIETY Series “B” “Physics in Higher Education”. V. 13, iss. 4, 2007, pp. 38-!52 [in Russian].
  • I.I.Eliseeva.Econometrical Practicum.—Moscow: Finansy i Statistika (Finance&Statistics), 2006.— 190 pp. [in Russian].
  • A.N. Zaydel. Oshibki izmereniya fizicheskih velichin: Uchebnoe posobie, 2nd iss., SPb.— Lan’, 2005. — 112 s. [in Russian].
  • Hill Ph., Murray W., Wright M. Practical optimization. — Pergamon press, NY, 1981. — 429 p.

The Possibilities of Different Units Equipped with Sensors for High School Practical Works on Physics from «Scientific Entertainment» Company
S.V. Khomenko, N.K. Khannanov, O.A. Povalyaev
Open Company “Scientific Entertainments”, Moscow; e-mail: olegpovalyaev@gmail.com
Received February 11, 2015                                                                                   PACS 05.88.jj

The methodological advantage of sensor equipped units for high school physical experiments are discussed. The discussed experiments are traditional for high school practical course on physics. Computer usage in such experimental devices allows students to improve the accuracy of measurements, convenience of work, the amount of information obtained per unit of time etc.
Keywords: PC in physics teaching, sensors use in physics teaching at high school.
References

  • N.K. Khannanov, S.V. Khomenko, M.M. Sazonov, O.A. Povalyaev, Webcam Use to Increase the Clarity of the Experiments on Physics, Physics in Higher Education, 2011, V. 17, N 1, p. 59-67.
  • N.K.Khannanov,D.M.Zhilin,S.V.Khomenko,A.Yu.Tsutskih,M.M.Sazonov,O.A.Povalyaev, Problems of Creation of the School Computerized Practical Work on the Physicist and Possible Ways of Their Decision, Physics in Higher Education, 2009, V. 15, N 1, p. 100-113.
  • The investigation of linked pendulums vibrations, Electronic resource http://www.sgu.ru/node/302/uchebnaya/rabota/obshchiy/fizicheskiy/praktikum, date accessed 25.11.14.
  • B.W.Karelin,N.R.Kustova,The Determination of the Adiabatic Exponent by Method of Clement– Dezorma, Physics in Higher Education, 2012, V. 18, N 2, p. 93-98.
  • Cp /Cv Determination by Clement–Dezorm’s Method, Electronic resource http://cito/web.yspu.org/ link1/lab/lab_mol6/lab_mol6.html , date accessed 25.11.14.
  • A.V.Makienko,B.G.Chernyavski,Determination of the Speed of Sound by the Phase Difference Method in a Laboratory Practicum, Physics in Higher Education, 2012, V. 18, N 4, p. 103-106.
  • V.A.Panenko,The speed of sound in air determination by an electronic oscilloscope using, electronic resource http://window.edu.ru/resource/753/29753 , date accessed 25.11.14.
  • The electric field investigation, electronic resource http://window.edu.ru/resource/288/46288, date accessed 25.11.14.
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